It was particularly painful to watch one’s reef fish become covered what looked like fine sand grains or grains of salt from protozoans like Amyloodinium ocellatum, more commonly known as Marine Velvet and Cryptocaryon irritans, commonly known as Ich.
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Parasites in particular were responsible for wiping out an aquarist’s community of reef fish and often drove aquarists from our hobby. By establishing beneficial bacteria we not only were successful at keeping reef fish alive we were also successful at establishing an environment in which parasites that utilized fish as hosts would be also kept successfully. Unfortunately, that was only the beginning of our problems with keeping reef fish in captivity for any considerable length of time. The fish themselves are the producers of toxic waste, primarily ammonia. This unfortunate condition was termed the “new tank syndrome.” Without going into any detail, suffice it to say that eventually we learned how to inoculate these sterile tanks with beneficial bacteria so that these bacteria could break down toxic waste, into relatively harmless nitrate products. After a few days these beautiful reef fish began to look poorly, and after a few more days they generally died. Generally, beginning aquarists started out with a sterile aquarium, into which marine fish were placed. In those days, except for a few exceptions, mostly we tried to keep marine fish, in fish only aquariums. I started keeping creatures from the sea in glass aquariums in the mid-1960s.
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There will be a good deal more about this later. Aggression in surgeonfish is of particular importance for any aquarist planning on keeping surgeonfish in captivity, particularly when keeping more than one in a closed system. However, aggression for surgeonfish as well as other fish takes on two forms: one is intraspecific aggression the other interspecific aggression that is, aggression directed at members of one’s own species and aggression directed toward members of other species. Surgeonfish engage in aggression usually to protect their food source. It should be noted however that certain species are more aggressive than others. Surgeonfish are generally quite aggressive. Surgeonfish have relatively small mouths with which using a single row of teeth they graze essentially on various forms of algae. This spine is quite sharp and can easily wound another fish and or a careless marine fish keeper.
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The most distinctive characteristic of this family is its scalpel like spine located at the caudal peduncle. Although this article will deal with my own experiences with surgeonfish dating back to the 1970s, before turning to that allow me to provide the reader with some information about the family of surgeonfishes, all of whom belong to the family Acanthuridae.